Evaluation of late‐season nitrogen source application on autumn color and winter injury of ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass in the upper transition zone of the United States

Late summer and autumn application of nitrogen (N) to bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) in the transition zone has been associated with enhanced turfgrass color but thought increase potential for winter injury. Eleven N sources were applied late early provide a total annual level 98 kg ha−1 Olathe, KS evaluate fall spring green coverage ‘Riviera’ [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Treatments included experimental coated urea fertilizers, containing urease inhibitors, urea, nontreated turfgrass. Significant injury occurred throughout area. Turfgrass October was positively correlated evaluated May (r = .55; P < .001). For example, treated AND3.0EX (Poly/Humic Coated Urea) had rating 3.5 (1 9 scale; dark green) October, 44%. Nontreated 1.5 8%. Enhanced survival following late-season may require that managers rethink traditional programs limiting only midsummer dates zone.